Victorian to Modern changes in Literature Essay

Victorian to Modern changes in Literature - Essay Example The Victorian literature forms the transition between the romantic period and the much different literature of the 20th century such as the Modernist Literature. The literature of the Victorian era had several shared characteristics; The Victorian literature is also more practical and seems to reflect an increased closeness and interest to daily practical problems in human life. The literature is used as an instrument to indicate human progress especially in an era where industrialism was rising while various societal issues such as women’s rights and child labor among others were getting more scrutiny from the public (Browning & Ada 121). The Victorian literature depicts a more idealistic approach to life despite the era being described as practical. Most writers such as poets, novelists, and essayists emphasize more on ideals such as truth, justice, brotherhood and love among others. A good example is seen in Tennyson’s poem Ulysses, where he emphasizes the ideal life that could provide him with more freedom to travel and adventure (Gupta 68). For the purpose of analysis of this era, the discussion will segment it into three parts; the early, middle and late Victorian era. In the early era, the British Empire was undergoing a period of economic prosperity with the several industrialization work taking place during this time. For example, the empire was having various infrastructural developments such as railway-making, construction works and coal mining processes. The era was also characterized by a widespread poor living and working conditions, child labor and unfair treatment of women. The literature during this era was more focused on the celebration of the English people and their superiority in the world. In the mid-Victorian period, the major changes were seen due to the enactment of the Factory Acts which saw changes such as restriction of child labor among others.

The Kinship System of Yanomamo Culture Assignment

The Kinship System of Yanomamo Culture - Assignment Example This system of kinship is based on bifurcate merging. In this system of kinship, though the institution of marriage remains closely confined to the family, it sternly prohibits marriages between parallel cousins. It is just because the Yanomamo people tend to hold kinship so dear that they tend to form groups and manage intergroup relationships by resorting to alliances and warfare (Simpson & Kenrick, 1997). The Yanomamo people tend to organize themselves locally relying on the patrilinial decent. The depth of the lineage groups seldom extends more than three adult generations. Individuals are not allowed to mention the names of their dead as it is considered to be inauspicious (Simpson & Kenrick, 1997). In a practical context it means that the name of ancestors and the human ties associated with them are soon forgotten. Marriage to more than one woman is considered by the males to be a symbol of social status. The social life is woven around striking relationships between groups either through alliances or warfare. Both these methods of striking relationships involve the exchange of women between groups and it is mostly this exchange that gives way to violence and warfare. The Marriages alliances involve a marriage between two groups belonging to two different tribes. In the Yanomamo system of kinship, the individual loyalty and allegiance of a tribe member automatically passes on to the tribe in which that member marries (Simpson & Kenrick, 1997). Perhaps Yanomamo adhere to this kinship going by the need for the males to help tribes survive in an environment marked by scarce resources. Yanomamo people also tend to forge feasting alliances with tribes that are not united by a marriage, but are also not divided by aggression and war. In a broader context the Yanomamo idea of kinship originates from their philosophy that considers nature to be a unified and sacred force, marked by its power to